THE TORAH BETWEEN JESUS AND MOHAMMAD

The Torah is regarded as one of the most influential religious texts in the history of the Abrahamictraditions. It occupies a central position in Judaism, serves as a foundational source within Christianity,and is affirmed in the Qur'an as a divine revelation bestowed upon Moses. Nevertheless, the questionof the Torah's preservation and textual integrity throughout history has remained one of the mostdebated issues in comparative religious studies, particularly in light of the tension between traditionaltheological perspectives and the findings of modern textual criticism and historical scholarship.This study examines a central question: whether the Torah has remained substantially unchanged sincethe time of Moses or whether it underwent historical transformations and editorial developmentsthrough centuries of oral transmission, compilation, and redaction. The research adopts a comparativehistorical framework focusing on two pivotal periods in the history of the Abrahamic religions: theJewish world of the first century during the time of Jesus and the religious environment of seventh-century Arabia during the emergence of Islam.