Organizing Democracy

This book explores the new types of political organization that emerged in (western) Europe and the United States during the nineteenth century, from popular meetings to single-issue organizations and political parties. The development of these has often been used to demonstrate a move towards democratic representation or political institutionalization. This book challenges the idea that the development of 'democracy' is a story of rise and progress at all. It argues that it is rather a story of continuous but never completely satisfying attempts of interpreting the rule of the people. Taking the perspective of nineteenth-century organizers as its point of departure, this collection shows that contemporaries hardly distinguished between petitioning, meeting and association. The attraction of organizing was that it promised representation, accountability and popular participation. Only in the twentieth century did parties become reliable partners for the state in averting revolution, managing the unpredictable effects of universal suffrage, and reforming society. This contributors to this volume analyze these in their earliest stage, as just one of several types of civil society organizations. The promise of organization, and the experiments that resulted from it, deeply impacted modern politics.